Genetic Testing Controversies

Genetic Testing Controversies 1-12-11 Biology Genetic Testing, also known as DNA-based tests, is a new method of testing for genetic diseases or disorders. In the test the DNA molecule is examined and other tests include microscopic examination of chromosomes, for stained or fluorescent chromosomes. Genetic tests are used for carrier screening, newborn screening, identity testing, prenatal diagnostic testing, and prediction of disorders later in life such as Huntington’s or Alzheimer’s disease etc. Human Genome Project) Controversies today that genetic testing today faces is with the privacy, consents, equity and discrimination. The privacy of the information that is found may not be confidential between the patient and the doctor it may also be revealed to other people that are not involved in the issue. The controversies with consent are that should the insurance companies be allowed to have the information of medical records and family histories before granting permi ssion to anything. (Friesen, Tim.The Genetic Testing Controversy). The costs of some of these genetic tests are very expensive, some costing more than $1000. Another controversy is related with discrimination to the people shown by insurance companies, where they are discriminating on the people by the information which is received to them by genetic tests. Another example is where a woman who had applied to become an adoptive parent was denied due to a family history of Huntington’s disease which also made her susceptible to the disease. Friesen, Tim. The Genetic Testing Controversy) An advantage of Genetic testing is that it gives information about any disease or disorders a person may have and treat that person immediately for a cure. Another advantage is that these tests help to live a risk free life from the beginning, for example- Genetic testing are done on new born babies, which helps to identify any disorders from the beginning so treatment can be given immediately. Benefits of genetic testing) Another advantage of genetic testing is that there are fewer checkups and visits to the doctor if there is a history of a disease in a family. Another advantage is that if a person is genetically tested and the results are positive, they get to make â€Å"informed decisions† in their life. (Benefits of Gene Testing. National Cancer Institute) A disadvantage of genetic testing is that if a person is positive for a disease which cannot be cured completely, is still in a risk. Related essay: â€Å"Advantages and Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering†For example breast and ovarian cancers, you cannot get rid of each and every breast or ovary related cells. Even after the surgery, the risk is still there. Another disadvantage is many people after receiving their test results and testing positive for a disease, leads to depression, anxiety or anger for most people, mostly women in these cases. Another disadvantage of genetic testing is many people face discrimination in getting insurance, or employment due to the results of that person’s genetic test. Citation Pictures http://www. beltina. org/pics/genetic_testing. jpg

Characteristic She Walks in Beauty Essay

What does this poem seem to be about? This poem seems to be about a person who’s describing or expressing a girl’s appearance and how her personality is. | | Words: Were the words in this poem difficult or easy to understand? Was there any word or phrase that was powerful to you? The word or phrase that was powerful to me was â€Å"She walks in beauty, like the night†| | Images: Did the poet create strong images? What could you see, hear, smell, taste, or feel? The poet created very strong images in my mind such as how the girl might look. I felt calm when I was reading the poem. | | Figurative Language: What poetic devices were used in this poem? What did these poetic devices do for the poem? Did these devices help create imagery or communicate the author’s feelings? The poetic device that was used in the poem was simile. In the phrase â€Å"She walks in beauty, like the night†, it states like or as, so therefore it is a simile. The poetic device conveyed what the poem means more. | | Emotion: What emotion was the author trying to express? I think the author was in peace and he is probably in love. | | Structure: How is the poem organized (lines, stanzas, etc. )? The poem is organized in 3 stanzas. What is unique or interesting about the structure of the poem? Does the poem rhyme? Something that is unique about the poem is that uses words such as o’er. It looks like it has been written a long time ago. Yes, this poem has rhyming words such as night, bright, and light. | | Meaning: What is the poem saying about life or love? The author is voicing his love for a girl. Do you agree or disagree with this message? Explain. I agree with this message because everyone will always have a lover in their life. Are there any other reasonable ways to interpret this poem? Another reasonable way to interpret this poem is that a lover will one day come into your heart. | | Publication: What kind of magazine or other publication would be the best place for this type of poem? The magazine that would be perfect for this poem is Cloud Nine. Cloud Nine has articles about people who are in love. The way that the author writes this poem seems that he is in love. He is describing the girl in a calm, peaceful, and adorable way. The poem starts off with â€Å"She walks in beauty, like the night†. This statement clearly states that it will perfectly fit with the Cloud Nine Magazine.

Implementing Strategy and Managing Change Essay

Implementing Strategy and Managing Change - Essay Example This department cannot be different. Besides, the FRS is better equipped than most other agencies to handle such emergencies, and the public expects nothing less from the FRS, and the pay piper has always dictated the tune. Reasons for Introducing Change Change is inevitable in all human endeavors, these generally has been attributed to several factors such as Globalization, which is the integration of all societies, cultures and regions to become interconnected through a network of communication systems. Financial pressures to meet both incidental and expected obligations, may also force the introduction of needed changes. New demands for products, services etc also are reasons for introduction of changes. The reasons for changes are as numerous as the sands on the sea shore. But for the FRS, the main reason is the expectations of the public. The public expects FRS department to be on the forefront of emergency intervention services. Although section 4 of the FRS Act of 2004 only em powers intervention in fire related incidents and motor accidents, but other emergency situations such building collapse, water accidents, flooding, plane crashes, terrorist attacks and other related incidents that no specialize government agency is responsible for is left to the FRS to handle, and as a matter of principle, the FRS cannot shy way from these tasks, especially when we have the men and equipment to confidently deal with such emergencies. Best practices in Change Management We live in an ever changing environment, products that are in vogue today, quickly become outmoded, system of handling situations that works yesterday, may not work when used tomorrow. All these necessitate the search for best practice in change management. While each organization probably has its best approach to manage change, there are some models that can be regarded as the best approach in change management. The ADKAR model which is an acronym for Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability and Reinfo rcement has consistently proved to work in several organizations where it has been used to introduce change. There full meanings are: Awareness: the need to change; Desire: to participate and support change; Ability: to implement the change on a day to day basis; and Reinforcement: to keep the change in place. ADKAR model approaches Change from two dimensions: the business dimension (vertical) and the people dimension (horizontal). It ensures that each individual makes the needed transition. McKinsey 7 – S model This is a holistic approach to change which collectively determines how the company will operate. There are 7 different factors that are a part of the model: shared values, structure, systems, style, strategy, staff, and skills. All these work together to form the model. Lewin’s Change Management Model This model known as Unfreeze – Change – Refreeze, refers to the 3 stage process of change Lewin described using the changing shape of ice blocks. K otter’s Eight Step Model In summary, this model says that you need to create a sense of urgency, recruit powerful leaders, build a vision and effectively communicate it, remove obstacles, create quick wins, and build on your momentum. If religiously followed will implement change

Narrative paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Narrative paper - Essay Example It was a holiday and, thus, most of the people were out. Our car was at a signal. On green light, the driver in front of our car did not move. My dad is very short-tempered but, still, he kept his nerves. We got out of the car, and went to the driver. I saw that he was trying to grab his cell phone from the back seat that his kid has thrown there. â€Å"No, I don’t!† He shouted at dad, â€Å"I’ll move, just go, I know I don’t have to stay here forever. Hey Jimmy, did you find the damned phone?† This time he shouted at his kid. The signal had already turned red again. My dad wanted to end the situation without any quarrel. But he looked annoyed, and this annoyed me. I wanted to punch that man right in his face. He really wanted some lesson. But I kept silent and let my dad talk. â€Å"Hey man,† Dad said loudly this time, â€Å"I won’t allow you to be rude to me. Move your car right now. I’m getting late.† Everyone was giving horns and shouting at us to move. I could see all other drivers staring at us. That infuriated my dad but I held his arm and told him not to indulge in quarrel. I could sense him getting furious. The man turned his ignition on and moved away with a jerk staring at us which was even more exasperating. We, at once, got into our cars and moved away from the scene to unblock the traffic behind us. There was a lesson for us in this experience. We learned that it is a very unmannerly thing to annoy other drivers on road, especially on signals. No driver should look hither and thither, looking for lost things, eating food, reading magazines, talking on cell phones, quarreling with other passengers, or doing things that distract him from concentrating upon driving. Hence, to ensure peaceful driving, drivers must stick to the indispensable dos and don’ts of driving if they want to keep others and themselves safe and

Healthy Fast Food Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Healthy Fast Food - Research Paper Example Though the fast foods can be associated and blamed to the food industry, home made fast foods can be a good substitute, but if similarly uncontrolled, risk of feeding on unhealthy foods still remains. For a healthy fast food, the ingredients used need to be controlled substantially; the consumers should also plan on consuming healthily, by ensuring they eat correct portions of balanced diet in the fast foods as a healthy behavior. People should not be controlled by the flavors, sweetness or preference, but rather by making correct choices for their healthy diets. Keywords: Health, Fast Food, Junk Food, Sugar, Salt, Trans Fat, Saturated Fats, Balanced Diet, Chemicals, Additives, Ingredients, Diseases Introduction The norm of the modern society has been accessing fast foods to save time in their activities. Students and employees prefer to have meals that can be prepared and served quickly, without even paying attention to how it was prepared, the ratio, and ingredients used in the rea dy product. On top of the preparation criterion, these fast foods target a wide range of people and seem to be located in accessible places, near schools, companies, busy streets and town centers, where the population is relatively large to promote the fast food business. As a result, the fast food restaurants acquire high proportion of their product consumptions, where the customers’ preference even dictates how, what, and intensity of the products they prepare. Eating fast food once in a while is not a problem, but why the society or families cannot take time to prepare their own healthy meals is not an excuse to have reckless habits of consuming fast food. There are lots of healthy effects on high consumption of fast foods, especially problems that affect the physical health of the consumers. Although the manufactures and preparing restaurants have of recent been aware of consumer group movements, against their sales of unhealthy food, much lies with the consumers to ensur e what they consume is nutritious and healthy. Unhealthy drinks and food should be avoided for their safety. Safe Ingredients Chemicals: Most of the available fast foods on the market are prepared with additional chemicals that are dangerous to consumers’ health. The past generations could afford to make fast food without chemical additives and lead a healthy, satisfied life. Unlike the past society, the chemicals used today in the fast foods were not available and though the technology was not advanced as it is today, the meals were tasty and healthy. There are lots of foods in the fast food industry that are prepared using chemicals to make the food appealing, add flavor and even preserve them, attracting the people to buy the foods. As a result, people end up consuming processed fast foods containing lots of toxins and chemicals, such as (Monosodium glutamate (MSG), Aspertame, 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PHIP), sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite, sweete ning and coloring chemicals whose accumulation in the body have a negative effect if not flushed out (Strauss, 2012). Just because the food is appealing does not make it healthy, and given the opportunity, the society and the fast food industry should avoid preparing their food on their menus with such chemicals. Fast foods can be made healthier and appealing even without using

Articles summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Articles summary - Assignment Example achers at Meadow Park Middle School practice involvement into a closer cooperation of such kind by means of complete embracing the Common Core Standards in mathematics and English. They have tried to pick up the standards, reduce them to the basic concepts, simplify the language and support their learners both in English and content classes. The reason for necessity of such cooperation is that the new standards of education presuppose harmonic development of an educated person, and this diversity is impossible without inter-subject relationships. In this regard, both a native speaker and a learner of English as a second language have the same objectives – reading and understanding complex texts, finding written and oral arguments, engagement in conversations. It is obvious that the students with low skills in English take much time from their tutors in content subjects, and this is the fact which also proves necessity of cooperation between the two mentioned types of teachers. Practice shows that teachers of English as a second language support the idea of their assistance to the content teachers who may need it when working with the learners of English. This is because English teachers are familiar with the learners’ language capabilities, knowledge level and cultural background, and this information plays a very important role when choosing an appropriate approach to better ways of explanation of the content subjects. The author also concerns herself with the matter of the English teachers’ status in their educational institutions. They are considered the main responsible for formulating language competence of the learners, they must work extra time to equalize the students’ language knowledge level, that is, they have many responsibilities and their scope of work is very large. The dilemma here is that they are rarely awarder for this, for example, the number of principles who are English teachers is very low, and almost all of the leading roles in the

Short articles about sex, gender and society Essay - 2

Short articles about sex, gender and society - Essay Example Vampirism, as a category akin to femininity, continues to assert itself in what underpins relationships between the main characters, focusing on understanding and sympathy that is most often attributed to the female persona. This same feminine-like persona is also illustrated in a situation where Sonny and Eric have a physical altercation when Sonny describes Eric’s love interest as a woman with big tits. For showing this type of disrespect for women, Sonny receives a quick blow and a reprimand for his insensitivity and callous actions. Furthermore, when Sookie and Bill are having a sexual experience, Sookie compares the love-making activity to I am woman, hear me roar, illustrating that the vampires are sensitive to their needs of their sexual partners, another attribute mostly attributed to female personality. There is a type of communal obligation to ensure that any member of vampire cliques do not maintain emotional distress and that their needs are fulfilled. This, to me, should be viewed as being more attributable to feminine characteristics and this gender is exemplified in the closeness and intimacy that underpins all relationships, something much different than masculinity as it is perceived in the stereotypical sense. Riker’s relationship with the androgynous alien shows that the bonds of legitimate love transcend gender stereotypes. When Riker confides to his ex-lover, Deanna, that he is falling for the alien, he receives ample emotional support, though advised to proceed cautiously. Riker is willing to explore sexual relationships with this androgynous being because he feels a deep emotional love for the creature, which illustrates that love and sex, under traditional views of romance and relationships, go hand-in-hand and are absolute necessities to ensure intimacy and closeness. Sex as a component of romantic love assists in our understanding of

USA Corporations Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

USA Corporations Law - Case Study Example In dealing with this case, the court will be applying the review of the Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act of 1998 (Pillegi, 2007). The court will be more concerned on the breach of the fiduciary duty of disclosure. The court is likely to rule against the Barnes family (Marciano v. Nakash). The loan that the Ewing family made to the Ewing Corporation was valid and enforceable. The duty of disclosure requires that the directors disclose all the details that pertain to the transaction that is been carried out (Alexander, 2008). The disclosure is made to the board of directors and to the shareholders. Since the Ewing family did full disclosure of the material facts that involved the loan, including the terms of the loan and the deed of trust, it will be hard for the Barnes to prove that the fiduciary duty was breached (Pillegi, 2007). Furthermore, the shareholders approved the loan. This is despite the fact that the voting was done along family lines. It is beyond doubt that the voting of the directors and the shareholders was done in good faith. The burden of proof will be different for both parties of the dispute. The Barnes is required to prove that the Ewing directors breached the fiduciary duty in approving that loan. ... Despite this knowledge, the Ewing directors went ahead and approved the loan to the company (Greenberg & Kagan, 2009). On the other hand, the Ewing directors will be required to prove to the court that their action was based on good intentions to the company. This will be easy to prove since there is already prove that the company tried to obtain funding from external sources without any success. They will have to prove to the court that they did not try to take advantage of the financial troubles of the company to benefit themselves. The Ewing directors will also be required to prove to the courts that they were honest with their dealings with Ewing Oil Inc. this honesty will have to be proved by the fact that they did disclose the material details surrounding the transaction to the shareholders (Dunn et al, 2009). The shareholders went ahead and approved the loan, albeit along family lines. But the court will not be interested on the background of the shareholders. The important thing was that they did approve the loan. There is no proof that the shareholders were misinformed on anything or misled. The Ewing directors will also have to prove that they did not omit anything that was importance when they were doing the disclosure. The omission, if proved that it did exist, will show that the Ewing directors were acting on bad faith. The omission that they might have made was for example the one pertaining to the period within which they were supposed to foreclose on their loan. If the omission is proved to have influenced the direction that the shareholders took in voting, the Barnes family would have achieved the fete of proving that a fiduciary duty was breached. b. The

Project Paper on Wireless Transmission and Communication Essay

Project Paper on Wireless Transmission and Communication - Essay Example n become a technology that is productive in promoting modest, well remunerated employment and improving economic performance in the developing economies of the world (Noll, 2000). According to Noll (2000), in spite of the economic crash of the global economy over the last five years and the passing of the Internet fizz, these queries remain fundamental to the regulators. This is because ITC has become a reality of life in all realms of economic activity. Nearly all organizations use computers and most of them have an Internet connection. Furthermore, a great percentage of these organizations use computers networks for economic rationales, such like selling and outsourcing of goods and services and buying. However, in spite of the far ranging dissemination of ICT in developing economies, questions remain about the effect of the technology on job-generation and economic development. The cumulative denominator of in all these decades has been the slow transit of related technologies from innovator perceptions that could distribute products and services of these technologies more dynamically than their originators by merit of labor cost advantage. Pakistan is situated in South Asia neighboured by Afghanistan, China, Iran, and India. Pakistan is the 7th most populated nation in the world with a population of 160 million. It is a middle income with per capita income of US$846 and the nation has recorded a nominal GDP expansion of seven percent over the past five years. In spite of the political instability that the country has never witnessed during 2007 between ruling military government and numerous political and social classes, Pakistan has accomplished success in mobile telecommunications. The telephone diffusion rate per capita shifted from 4 percent in 2000 to 58 percent in 2007 because of over triple figure expansion during past few years. This growth from 19990 when the first mobile certification was issued to just two private companies in Pakistan. The

Conagra Foods Essay Example for Free

Conagra Foods Essay ConAgra Foods Inc. is one of the largest food companies in the United States operating in such segments as Consumer Foods (66%) and Commercial Foods (34%) which are divided into three significant business operations segments – agricultural products, packaged foods and refrigerated foods (Table 1). Table 1. Net sales (in millions USD) 20102009%increase/decrease Consumer Foods 8,002 7,979-%. Commercial Foods 4,077 4,447(8)% Total12,07912,426(3)% Source: Annual Report 2010 Consumer Foods The Consumer Foods segment includes branded, private label and customized food products, which are sold in various retail and foodservice channels. The products include a variety of categories, such as meals, entrees, condiments, sides, snacks, and desserts across frozen, refrigerated and shelf-stable temperature classes. The Company’s major brands include Alexia, ACT II, Banquet, Blue Bonnet, Chef Boyardee, DAVID, Egg Beaters, Healthy Choice, Hebrew National, Hunt’s, Marie Callender’s, Orville Redenbacher’s, PAM, Peter Pan, Reddi-wip, Slim Jim, Snack Pack, Swiss Miss, Van Camp’s and Wesson. As of July 22, 2010, it had 39 domestic manufacturing facilities in Arkansas, California, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Wisconsin. As of July 22, 2010, it also had four international manufacturing facilities in Canada and Mexico (one 50% owned) and one in Arroyo Dulce, Argentina. Commercial Foods The Commercial Foods segment supplies frozen potato, sweet potato and other vegetable, spice and grain products to a variety of restaurants, foodservice operators and commercial customers. The products are sold under brands, such as ConAgra Mills, Lamb Weston, and Spicetec Flavors Seasoning. As of July 22, 2010, it had 41 domestic production facilities in Alabama, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah and Washington; one international production facility in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico and Qingdao, China; one manufacturing facility in Taber, Canada; one 50% owned manufacturing facility in each of Colorado, Minnesota, Washington and the United Kingdom; one 67% owned manufacturing facility in Puerto Rico, and three 50% owned manufacturing facilities in the Netherlands. Company is mainly engaged in operations in the United States which count for more than 90% of total income (Table 2). ConAgra Foods Inc. owns approximately 50 brands (Table 3). Table 2. Pre-tax income from continuing operations (in millions USD) 201020092008 United States1,040. 3872. 1631. 9 Foreign 66. 6 64. 3 69. 6 Total1,106. 9936. 4701. 5 Source: Annual Report 2010 Vision and mission The vision of the company set by current CEO Gary Rodkin is: â€Å"One company. One goal. Making the food you love. † It reflects the overall company’s strategy to make â€Å"food people want in their lives every day†. The mission is reflected in company’s profile: â€Å"Preparing great food, being a strong partner to our customers and thinking about all of the people who enjoy our food and the difference it makes in their lives fuels our passion: making the food you love. † Goals Like every public-held company listed on NYSE (ConAgra Foods Inc. has ticker CAG) ConAgra Foods Inc. aims to increase earnings per share. The goal of the company is to achieve long-term growth through supply chain productivity, operational efficiency, innovation, selling, marketing and sustainability of great brands . Increase in supply chain productivity and operational efficiency lets the company to reduce its manufacturing, finance, administrative, transportation costs. Innovation and marketing orientation enhances the business processes and expands profit margins. Figure 1. Formula for growth Source: Annual Report 2010 ConAgra Foods Inc.operates under three principles while achieving its strategic goal: simplicity, collaboration and accountability. Using their resources rationally, nourishing employees and creating positive image within the community are the objectives which lead the company to be â€Å"good for you, good for the community, good for the people† . Strategic priorities The company focuses on the following business product groups. In each strategic group ConAgra Foods Inc. possesses significant manufacturing and innovation capabilities. Figure 2. Strategic priorities. Source: Annual Report 2010 Strategy â€Å"ConAgra Foods is focused on growing sales, expanding profit margins, and improving returns on capital over time. To that end, the company has significantly changed its portfolio of businesses over a number of years, focusing on branded, value-added opportunities, while divesting commodity-based and lower-margin businesses. † Acquisitions Company was founded in 1919 as Nebraska Consolidated Mills and in 2000 changed its name to ConAgra Foods Inc. Acquisitions are the major part of ConAgra’s strategy. The company implemented horizontal and vertical integration strategy after sustaining solid background in flour-milling operations and feed and poultry segment. The time and the trends in the food industry were crucial to the strategic acquisitions of the company. In 1970-1980s when home and industrial refrigerators became available for the consumers and packing techniques developed , which meant that now meat and vegetables will not spoil, ConAgra entered the frozen foods market with the acquisition of Banquet Foods in 1980 and other companies in the meat and poultry segment (Armour Foods, Beatrice Foods, Hebrew National Foods, etc.). In 1980-1990s when the welfare of American citizens began to improve and people began to value time the food that was easy to cook (which means basically just heat and serve) was highly demanded and ConAgra’s strategic move was highly appreciated by the investors in the stock market. The stock price of CAG tripled from 10$ in 1990 to 30$ in 1998. The total amount of acquired brands approximated 30 by the year 2000 (Hunt’s, La Choy, Wesson, ACT II, Chef Boyardee, etc. ) and company changed its name to ConAgra Foods Inc.to reflect its growing role as a food products manufacturer rather than just the food ingredients supplier. In the beginning of the twenty first century and nowadays when the society became more concerned about their health ConAgra Foods Inc. implemented several strategic acquisitions of such companies as Alexia Foods Inc. (natural and organic foods company) in 2007, Elan Nutrition in 2010 and others. The purchases that company makes â€Å"†¦reflect [our] acquisition strategy—find businesses that are great fits and enable [us] to grow by filling a need within [our] portfolio or giving [us] an adjacent category expansion†¦. † Figure 3. The acquisitions strategy helped ConAgra Foods Inc. to: ConAgra Foods Inc. divests the businesses which are either too complex to integrate with the core businesses or did not achieve a profit margin greater than the benchmark margin rate. In 2009 the company sold Pemmican (beef jerky business), in 2008 it sold â€Å"Knott’s Berry Farm† operations and others. Mostly, the divestitures are low-margin (commodity-based) businesses. Marketing and distribution Almost every American household has a number of ConAgra Foods brand-named products in their refrigerators. The ability to acquire well-known and customer-loved brands had secured for ConAgra beneficial position. Some of the acquired brands such as Peter Pan and Chef Boyardee had longer history than ConAgra and were so much identifiable in the consumer market that it makes no sense to advance the brand of ConAgra. Even though the company has so many brands in their â€Å"arsenal† many people don’t know what ConAgra does. And many consumers don’t identify ConAgra as the owner of the brand-named products that they buy. ConAgra is aimed to the better understanding needs of their customers. The health-conscious consumers (whose number is growing) chose nutritious and low-fat food. For increasing nutrition in its products company launched the program on sodium reduction and positions itself as a â€Å"safe food manufacturer† . In 2008 the company launched the program online startmakingchoices. com for people who are concerned with the healthy way of life. The website has several tests and tips on how to keep your life healthier. Also company designs packaging with the full information to help consumers improve their diet. â€Å"Taste, health, nutrition, convenience, sustainability and, of course, value are just some of the issues American shoppers are now faced with every time they go to a supermarket and theyre demanding to know more. † For the purpose of better serving its customers and help consumers with their choice ConAgra Foods Inc. launched â€Å"Food News Today† with Phil Lempert, a â€Å"leading consumer trend analyst and Supermarket Guru†. ConAgra Foods Inc. aimed to develop and improve their private labeling strategy. One of the most successful brands that company has, Healthy Choice, has retail sales of about 1 billion dollars. This label is licensed to other companies for use on their products. Company announced the Gold Store initiative in 2006, which focuses on driving growth by optimizing in-store conditions in three fundamental areas: distribution, shelving, and placement next to the companion products. As part of a plan ConAgras sales efforts are shifting from a strategy that relied heavily on short-term price discounts and couponing in order to push out sales volume to consumers to a strategy that relies more on ways to draw in consumers. The new strategy hopes to provide a more balanced mix of trade spending, consumer advertising, and product innovation than the company had in the past. Even though ConAgra Foods Inc. owns distribution and transportation businesses like J. M. Swank, most of company’s transportation equipment, distribution centers and storage facilities are being run by third parties. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. and its affiliates, accounted for approximately 18% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2010 . ConAgra combines hard data from retailers with its own qualitative research. â€Å"Gary Rodkin is on a quest to find what he calls the big, singular insight that will drive behavior change. †¦. He is using theories about buying habitsbacked by $399 million a year in advertising, marketing and in-store promotionsto convince grocery stores to provide ample shelves for its 45 consumer brands†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  Leadership. Charles M. Harper The â€Å"wizard† Charles M. Harper who led the company from 1974 to 1993 is well-known for launching acquisitions strategy and founding Healthy Choice brand. During his tenure at ConAgra, the company expanded its business operations from flour-milling business to frozen foods, poultry, prepared seafood, fertilizers and the sales rose from $636 million in 1974 to $9 billion in 1987. The main reason for making decisions on acquisitions strategy were cyclical profits that company faced in agricultural segment. Mike Harper decided to diversify the company from basic products to packaged goods. His main priority was to acquire companies while they were in their down cycle and he restructured the companies and refocused their marketing strategies. He reintroduced the brands which were highly recognizable by consumers and refocused the product lines. In 1988 Harper boasted that ConAgra was probably the only food products company to participate across the entire food chain. In the early 1990s ConAgra expanded at a rate of about 3-5 acquisitions and joint ventures a year, becoming the leader in the frozen goods industry . During his tenure the P/E ratio of the company was at all times high which means: the price of stock was rising faster than the earnings per share or in other words, the investors were overoptimistic about the future of the company. (Figure 4) Figure 4. P/E ratio of ConAgra Foods Inc. Bruce Rhode In 1998 Bruce Rhode was named a CEO of ConAgra and his first steps were to reduce costs by large amount. He instituted Operation Overdrive restructuring program, closing several production plants and storage facilities and cutting the workforce by seven thousand employees. The estimated savings from Operation Overdrive were approximately $600 million a year . The other problem that Bruce Rhode faced was strong decentralization of the company. Some of the food-processing and meat-packing companies, which operated under one brand name of ConAgra, purchased the products from the competitors rather than other ConAgra’s branches. The same uncoordinated actions were in marketing when â€Å"representatives from several ConAgra divisions, all selling similar products, visited the same restaurants and groceries†. Bruce Rhode emphasized team-approach to solve these problems. At the beginning of 2000s many retail grocery stores would like to promote their own brands in foods processing and packaging segment and that was another problem for Bruce Rhode to solve. He concentrated on product development and marketing, working closely with grocery stores to create displays of ConAgra products. Bruce Rhode continued acquisitions strategy of his predecessors acquiring more brand names in packaged food segment (International Home Foods in 2000) to increase gross sales of the company and he divided company into ten principal operating units: ConAgra Foodservice Company; ConAgra Grocery Products Companies; ConAgra Frozen Prepared Foods; ConAgra Dairy Case Companies; ConAgra Refrigerated Prepared Foods; ConAgra Meat Companies; ConAgra Poultry Company; ConAgra Food Ingredients; United Agri Products Companies; ConAgra Trade Group. The early years of his tenure coincided with the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997-1998 when the investors were cautious about the US domestic markets and the stock price fell significantly (Figure 4). Figure 4. Daily stock prices for ConAgra Foods, Inc. (CAG) since 1978 to 2010. Source: google. com/finance Gary Rodkin Gary Rodkin, the former CEO of PepsiCo Beverages and Foods of North America division, replaced Bruce Rhode as CEO of ConAgra Foods Inc. in 2005 and began reorganization trying to create one centralized consolidated company that consists of more than 500 subdivisions. As a result of refocusing its portfolio of businesses ConAgra Foods Inc. divested Butterball, Armour, Eckrich and others. Gary Rodkin, while continuing acquisitions strategy, transformed the company into a â€Å"more unified operating company† . With the changes of the new CEO many analysts were concerned that he would try to create ConAgra brand instead of coordinating many different brands. However, during his interview to SmartMoney (Wall Street Journal) in 2010 he said: â€Å"†¦. There is no product named ConAgra. So instead, we say, consumers make the brands relevant. We do need investors to better understand this company. But on the consumer side, we really don’t think the juice is worth the squeeze. † Performance Internal organization ConAgra Foods Inc. operates in a low-margin industry thus effectively managing its costs is the priority in achieving strategic competitiveness (Figure 6). Focusing on cost reduction the company could save 1. 1 billion USD through supply chain rationalization initiatives, the relocation of a divisional headquarters from Irvine, California to Naperville, Illinois, the centralization of shared services, salaried headcount reductions and other cost-reduction initiatives . Figure 6. Heres how the $4. 19 you pay for a frozen dinner like one from Healthy Choice breaks down. ConAgra makes 55 cents. Source: Forbes. com . Shopping Cart Psychology by Helen Coster. 08. 19. 09 For the fiscal 2010 year ConAgra Foods Inc. announced net sales of 12,079 million USD with the operating profit of 1,652 USD (Table 4). Table 4. Financial Highlights for the fiscal 2010 year Source: Annual Report 2010 â€Å"†¦.. Heightened competition, weak demand and inflation hampered food processor ConAgras fiscal first quarter, leading it to cut its outlook, though the maker of Healthy Choice and Orville Redenbachers brand foods increased its dividend†¦.. † . The company also decreased its earnings per share outlook from 8-10% growth to 5-7%. External environment ConAgra Foods Inc. is focused on value-added brand companies and private labeling in the food industry where it competes with such giants as Kraft Foods, Heinz, Nestle, etc. â€Å"†¦.. We experience intense competition for sales of our principal products in our major markets. Our products compete with widely advertised, well-known, branded products, as well as private label and customized products. Some of our competitors are larger and have greater resources than we have. We compete primarily on the basis of quality, value, customer service, brand recognition, and brand loyalty†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. † From the next figure it can be inferred that even though ConAgra Foods, Inc. operates better than overall US industries, it still underperforms the leading companies in food sector. Figure 5. 10-year comparison of ConAgra Foods Inc. , SP 500, SP 500 Packaged Foods Index. Source: Annual Report 2010 In the Processed and Packaged Goods industry companies operate under very narrow margins (Figure 6) and for that reason severe price competition after the financial crisis influences heavily the profits of ConAgra Foods Inc. Also, the retailers implement backward integration strategy and take away profits from famous brand companies since the consumers are losing interest in the brand-named products. Even though the there are some good news about the industry that the consumers are very conscious about the money and they eat-out less than before the crisis the competition in the industry makes it difficult for analysts to predict bright future for the food companies. In the Figure we can see that the general projections for the industry are either â€Å"buy† or â€Å"hold† rather than â€Å"strong buy†. Figure 7. Analysts recommendation about the industry and ConAgra Foods Inc. Source: wikinvest. com Zacks Investment Research, November 24, 2010. Bibliographies 1. Amanda Quick, â€Å"Company profiles for students†, (Thomson Gale, 1999) 2. bigcharts. com 3. ConAgra Foods Inc. Annual Report 2010 4. ConAgra Foods Inc. Corporate Responsibility Report 2010 5. conagrafoods. com 6. forbes. com 7. google. com/finance 8. http://www. hbs. edu 9. referenceforbusiness. com 10. wikinvest. com 11. wsj. com.

The Challenge Of Human Cloning: Pros And Cons

The Challenge Of Human Cloning: Pros And Cons Nowadays, due to cloning disobeys human beings moral value, it has become a thorny issue even though it can benefit human beings and our society in lots of areas. Specifically, it is generally thought that it is immoral and unethical to clone human beings for various reasons, but the morality of human cloning cannot be reached yet since it is still a new technology. Additionally, attitudes toward it differ widely. Critics argue that cloning can be a risk factor of affecting human beings uniqueness, cause psychological and physical effects on human beings, result in the potential harms to the society and create strange kinship, and instability of cloning technology; however, advocates claim that cloning also can advance biomedical technology, improve the medical standards, and protect our environment. Moreover, it is undeniable that potential danger exists in human cloning which may cause serious consequences, but we cannot ignore the huge benefits that human cloning could bring such as the medical science improvement. Hence, it is essential to show the pros and cons of cloning. Some people argue that cloning of human beings is unethical because it deprives human beings uniqueness and brings social issues. Life is a creation, not a commodity, said President Bush, Our children are gifts to be loved and protected, not products to be designed and manufactured. No human life should be exploited or extinguished for the benefit of another (President par. 15). President Bush is carrying out a prohibition order; he believes that human cloning is unethical and immoral. In addition, cloned people may lose some special values each person should have. In this world, every person is unique, but human cloning would break this situation. However, cloned people are non-natural products and it is unfair for the people who are cloned. Imagine if there are two exactly same Brad Pitt, will he still be the unique actor as before? Furthermore, cloning technology can promise the same appearance, but not able to guarantee to clone peoples personalities since characters are related with peoples growth environment and are formed in the process of human growth. Thus, President Bushs speech reveals that why it is unacceptable for human cloning. To demonstrate, in article Medical Research, it shows that human cloning technologys instability is a big issue for peoples safety and human morality. In article Science, it mentioned about an experiment of creating hybrid embryonic stem cells, which is a new creature by combining a human cell with a cow egg. It challenges human ethnic theory in a brave step, but it is also intolerant for human morality. Therefore, since human cloning technology offends our social morality, article Medicine and Health provides a new way of thinking article Science by emphasizing its immorality and unnatural. Human cloning prompts a series of social problems, and it also causes complex family issues. Moreover, it could make the cloned people suffer psychological blow, and complex family relationships of cloned people will bring future negative impact on both survival and growth. According to my interview with Professor Peter Cherbas, who works in Biology department in Indiana University Bloomington, Human cloning is a process of copying others, so compared to the normal laws of human society, it is an unnatural product, says Professor Cherbas, and a cloned person would not have a father and a mother just like we have, and it appears that they will have awkward position in the family which is hard to accept by cloned people. Cloning is the creation of cells or whole animals using DNA from a single parent, by passing the normal reproductive process (What is Cloning par. 2). This means a cloned child is the descendant of a single person, while usually the proliferation of human needs the com bination of opposite sex. In this case, cloned children will only have one single biological related mother, which could result in some psychological trauma since it is impossible for them to have a complete family and they have to accept the truth of their mothers have the exactly same appearances with themselves. We need to respect life, and it is worthless to risk mankinds future and it is also unfair for the cloned people to suffer something that normal people do not have to face. Human cloning could lead some complex family relationship and unethical kinship. Furthermore, it is unethical that cloned people are separated from parents relationship and other human relationship. Moreover, it would be awkward that the cloned child can be the mothers child or her twin sister. Due to the cloned person only has one single parent, the family relationship is abnormal and it will be a big challenge for the cloned people to build their family relationship or kinship. Specifically, the cloned person will be in an embarrassing position in the family. For a man, the cloned child could either be his son or his twin brother; for a woman, the kid can be her daughter or her twin sister. Moreover, the mother or the father has to face a person who has exactly same appearance with themselves which is awkward. Someone might desire to clone their dead family member. However, there is no substitute for humans life or an individual person. Cloning might bring back the body of the lost family member, but it absolutely will not be the dead one you know since science cannot guarantee the same characters and thoughts. For instance, CC, the cloned cat mentioned above, does not quite look like its mother, Rainbow, a calico tri-colored female. At one year CC also has a different personality from her mother, being much more playful and curious (Lauritzen 458). Therefore, even though it may have chances to bring the dead back to life, he or she will not be the same person you know before. Human cloning technology is still limited significantly, and its instability is likely to lead to a series of new infectious diseases and thus cause the loss of humans various genes. Ultimately, it could lead to an uncontrollable disaster around the whole world. During the process of researching organ cloning, it is really easy to develop some new diseases which may cause huge consequences. So far cloning animal organs is still a new technology, and new technology often has limitations and safety issues. If cloned animal organs were transplanted into human bodies, I personally think the consequences would be disastrous, says Professor Peter Cherbas, after all, animals and humans are different species, so genes will be different for sure. You know, there is no 100% guarantee in the world. It shows that the uncertainity of human cloning can make people exposed to all kinds of diseases easily and can lead the whole human beings to extinction ultimately. Thus, human cloning has potential danger and it lacks stability as well. On the other hand, others hold that human cloning can bring huge benefits to medical treatments such as organ cloning and fertility problems by promoting scientific progress. Particularly, organ cloning provides great chances for those people who need organs. According to a recent survey conducted by COLUMBIA, Missouri (CNN), At the moment, approximately 75,000 Americans, awaiting organ transplants. Many people died of shortage of organs. Meanwhile, large amounts of organs are in need, but the offers of human donor organs still keep steady. However, researchers say they have taken a major step toward cloning pigs whose hearts, lungs and kidneys could be safely transplanted into humans (Research). With the development of the cloning technology, scientists could clone human organs instead of using animals organs. Secondly, cloning can help infertile couples to have their own children so that they do not have to use other peoples sperm or eggs. Furthermore, even lesbians and gays can ha ve children of their own as well. For example, if the male or husband is sterile, or does not produce sperm, DNA from one of his cells could be inserted into a de-nucleated egg from the female or wife who would also bear the child. Both would then be contributing to the make up and birth of the child. If the woman is infertile, another womans egg could be used along with the DNA of the infertile woman or her husband or partner (Lauritzen 456). It shows that people have rights to get a bright future since human cloning will benefit many people and widen the modern medicine worlds horizon. Therefore, human cloning technology can improve medical improvements, and huge potential strengths of human exist in cloning technology. Another benefit of cloning is that it could be used to treat many incurable disease so that many patients can regain health. Moreover, cloning technology covers diseases such as cancer, the Parkinsons disease, and other disease. Additionally, cloning technology can also prevent genetic disease to some extent, and this would greatly improve the population fitness. In article Medical Research, it illustrates specific points and detailed examples to explain human cloning technology can provide chances to cure various diseases. To illustrate, It was thought that embryonic stem cells had the potential for a great number of medical applications, including the development of laboratory-created organs for donation, and treatments for ailments including heart disease, diabetes and Parkinsons disease, among many others (Medical). Specifically, it helps better explain how human cloning cures diseases. However, because of the governments complete ban on it, human cloning technology cannot bring its advantage to medical area. However, advances in technology are always built on the basis of risk. Thus, if human cloning is delayed, it will be a loss of scientific success and a torture for many unfortunate suffers because the diseases could have been prevented. Besides the advantages of human cloning mentioned above, another huge benefit is that it could be used to protect environment and increase the amout of endangered wildlife. Luckily, scientists have successfully cloned some endangered ones. The recent report surprising success in cloning mouflon (a species of wild sheep) is notable for several reasons. The success rate was much greater than when the domestic sheep, Dolly, was cloned. It is also noteworthy that the donor nuclei were obtained from dead donor mouflon (Ryder 372, 373). The success of cloning a mouflon proves that cloning could be used to collect endangered wildlifes gene data. The activities of humans have led to the extinctions of many species. If we have a gene database of endangered species, we can maintain the ecological system by saving endangered plants and animals. According to a video of Sky News, British scientists are using a pioneering form of cloning to help save the northern white rhino from the brink of exti nction. There are only nine of the animals in captivity and even fewer out in the wild (Sky News). It proves endangered wildlife could be protected by the technology of cloning and thus to maintain the ecological system. Therefore, maybe after several years, pandas can be seen in every country around the world. In short, cloning technology plays an important role in fighting diseases and it can help people stay healthy as well. Simultaneously, cloning still needs some improvements because it is not absolutely safe at the moment, and it has the possibility that it might lead to a lot of harms and disasters. Personally, I am of the opinion that cloning should be encouraged in a right way because I think its advantages are greater than its disadvantages. There is an old saying that goes No pains, no gains. Technology is improving, and social is making progress as well. Finally, it is true that social morality is important, but the projects which are beneficial to mankind cannot be measured based solely on the standards of morality.

Causes of Child Abuse :: Abuse Violence Children Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many causes on the various types of child abuse. Child abuse is when violence and cruelty occur against children. Eight percent of all children abused are emotionally maltreated. Sixteen percent are sexually abused. Twenty-seven percent are physically abused. Fifty-five percent of all children abused are neglected (â€Å"Child Abuse† 116). There are many types of abuse. Parental neglect or nutritional deprivation is the most common technique of abusing a child (â€Å"Child Abuse† 116). An example of this would be when a child is irregularly fed or kept in dirty clothes for a long period of time (â€Å"Child Abuse† 222). The second most common way of abusing a child is physical abuse (â€Å"Child Abuse† 116). Physical abuse is when a child is slapped, hit, kicked, shoved, or has objects thrown at them (â€Å"Child Abuse† 222). Another common way of abusing a child is sexual abuse (â€Å"Child Abuse† 116). Fondling, masturbation, intercourse, and pornography are a few of the things that are done to a child when they are abused sexually (â€Å"Child Abuse† 222). The last way to abuse a child is through emotional abuse (â€Å"Child Abuse† 116). When the abuser humiliates the child, reprimands them, or other acts that are carried out over time (â€Å"Child Abuse† 222).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Certain situations increase the risk of child abuse. These problems cause stress and tension which is sometimes expressed in neglect or violence toward a child. Many adults that abuse their children were abused as kids themselves. The parents are immature, unstable, lonely, and feel unloved (â€Å"Child Abuse† 222). They repeat what was done to them uncontrollably in violent outbursts. The abusive parents are unaware of any other way of acting. They may think that beating a child is normal. Sometimes the parents might also think that their children â€Å"deserve† to be abused, just as they â€Å"deserved† it when they were younger (â€Å" Child Abuse: Opposing Viewpoints† 108). This is one of the many causes of child abuse. Drug addiction also increases the chances of child abuse. The addiction to drugs makes parents less responsible. It also makes them more violent toward their children both physically and emotionally. All drug addicted parents attention is focused towards the drugs and as a result of that they pay less attention to their kids (â€Å"Child Abuse† 85-90).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Poverty is also a cause of child abuse. The parents can’t cope with the stress of poverty, which leaves the children to bear the brut of their parents’ frustration.

Library of Alexandria Essay example -- essays research papers

HOW WAS THE GREAT LIBRAY OF ALEXANDRIA ORGANIZED AND OPERATED? WHO OR WHAT CAUSED ITS DESTRUCTION? For the extra credit assignment I have decided to compose as essay describing the great library of Alexandria. The library itself is wrapped up in a great mystery that has had many historians and archeologists heavily interested in its existence for many years. It has been recorded that the library of Alexandria held many thousands, if not millions, of books, volumes and other documents. The library is also believed to be one of the biggest libraries in human history. Its significance is of invaluable knowledge. The mammoth size of such a huge monument for the period of time that is existed is phenomenal. Even though it was significant in it’s time, the destruction of such a beautiful collection of thoughts, novels and other writings is somewhat of a tragic occurrence that has baffled many for years. Alexandria was founded in Egypt by Alexandria the Great. His successor as Pharaoh was known as Ptolemy II Soter. He founded the Museum or Royal Library of Alexandria in 283 BC. The Museum was a shrine of the Muses modeled after the Lyceum of Aristotle in Athens. The Museum was a place of study which included lecture areas, gardens, a zoo, and shrines for each of the nine muses as well as the Library itself. It has been estimated that at one time the Library of Alexandria held over half a million documents from Assyria, Greece, Persia, Egypt, India and many other nations. Over 100 scholars and scribes lived at the Museum full time to perform research, write, lecture or translate and copy documents (Hertzke 2004). The library got so large it actually had another branch or "daughter" library at the Temple of Serapis. There are many stories and rumors surrounding the real destruction of such a great library. It is still unknown exactly who are what destroyed the entire library but many stories and personal accounts that were put onto historical text much later on reveal clues to its possible â€Å"real† destruction. The first person blamed for the destruction of the Library is none other than Julius Caesar himself. In 48 BC, Caesar was pursuing Pompey into Egypt when he was suddenly cut off by an Egyptian fleet at Alexandria. Greatly outnumbered and in enemy territory, Caesar ordered the ships in the harbor to be set on fire. Sup... ...mar) all had an axe to grind and consequently must be seen as biased. Probably everyone mentioned above had some hand in destroying some part of the Library's holdings. The collection may have ebbed and flowed as some documents were destroyed and others were added. For instance, Mark Antony was supposed to have â€Å"given Cleopatra over 200,000 scrolls for the Library long after Julius Caesar is accused of burning it (Luciano 2005).† It is also quite likely that even if the Museum was destroyed with the main library the outlying daughter library at the Temple of Serapis continued on. Many writers seem to equate the Library of Alexandria with the Library of Serapis although technically they were in two different parts of the city. The real tragedy of course is not the uncertainty of knowing who to blame for the Library's destruction but that so much of ancient history, literature and learning was lost forever. Its importance and significance will never be resurrected, but will forever lay in a mystery. Only dreams and images can be pondered about what actually existed in such a great library. Scholars, historians and educated individuals can only daydream about what might have been.

Hawk Roosting Aniela Baseley 13 FO The poem is written by poet Ted Hughes. In his life time Hughes has published many poems about nature and animals. :: English Literature

Hawk Roosting Aniela Baseley 13 FO The poem is written by poet Ted Hughes. In his life time Hughes has published many poems about nature and animals. The poem is written by poet Ted Hughes. In his life time Hughes has published many poems about nature and animals. The poem has six stanzas, all written in the first person, with no discernable rhyming scheme. The poem represents a hawk, as it roosts on a tree top, watching over the world and contemplating life. This hawk sees itself, as the centre of the world and the best of creation. He believes he controls the world, bringing death to anything below him that dares to question his authority. The poem shows the reader that nature isn’t always beautiful, and the hawk is a metaphor of humans, because humans dominate the world, as does this hawk. The poem is written with a chilling attitude to power. In the first stanza, the hawk is perched on top of a tree, awaiting nightfall. We know this because the hawk is ‘Roosting.’ His arrogance is already clear, â€Å" Inaction, no falsifying dream† this indicates to the reader, that even when the hawk is sleeping, he does not dream ‘needless’ dreams. The hawk just has focus on killing. Alliteration is then used â€Å"hooked head,† this extenuates the line with a sound, as well as the hawks egoism and obsession with itself. â€Å" I sit on top of the wood, my eyes closed,† conveys a sense of forceful peace, as if the hawk holds so much power that it is fearless, and can roost confidently without being hunted. The second stanza also shows the hawks great egoism, as he believes everything is created for him. The high trees, which he roosts on, are convenient to give him a good view of the world. The air allows him to float while searching, and the sun allows him to lock on to the prey, the earth is facing upwards for his inspection. The attitude here makes the hawk appear to be royal or God like. For example, he is like a king inspecting his subjects; the rodents he hunts have no other purpose but to serve him a feed. He rules as a dictator, by force. The hawk in the third stanza sees himself as the centre of creation, â€Å"It took the whole of creation, to produce my foot, my each feather.† At the same time, he is saying that he rules creation with his foot.

Marriage and Family

The definition of family is a problematic issue for many scholars because of the complexity of the phenomenon and diversity of various family forms. With the continuing discussion of the possibility of gay families, the family is going to undergo an even more drastic redefinition. However, most families, irrespective of their form, will share some common features that allow researchers to group them together.The definition of the US Census Bureau states that the family is a â€Å"a group of two people or more related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together† (Flora & Segrin, p. 5). Therefore, to qualify for a family people need to be connected with ties of blood or law and live together; otherwise, people living together will be considered non-family households. Since the definition is structural, it resides on the inner structure of the unit and is therefore more straightforward than other attempts to define family.Family forms are also most frequently determined by structural ties. Thus, scholars distinguish the family of origin that â€Å"refers to relatives who are connected by blood or traditional sociolegal contracts such as marriage or adoption† (Flora & Segrin, p. 6). This form usually describes the family into which one is born.There is also a nuclear family that includes â€Å"two heterosexual parents and one or more children† (Flora & Segrin, p. 7). Nuclear families are distinguished first of all by the presence of two or one-parent, thus falling into two- or single-parent households. The latter type has spread with increase in the divorce rates from 11% of all families to 16% in the period from 1970 to 2000 (Flora & Segrin, p. 7). Two-parent families may not necessarily include children’s biological parents; at times, they will be remarriage, or step-families. Families can also be child-free, which includes â€Å"a married couple who voluntarily decides not to have children† (Flora & Segrin, p. 7).The above definition of the nuclear family refers to monogamous families that are typically considered the norm in the West. In a monogamous family, each partner will have only one spouse. In a polygamous family, a man can have more than one wife or vice versa. This is the case, for instance, in Muslim families where a man will often take more than one wife.A nuclear family contrast with multigenerational family households where representatives of many generations live together under one roof, and families include grandchildren and grandparents living together, or even great-grandchildren and great-grandparents. The nuclear family became more widespread in the industrial epoch and reached its height in the 1950s when more and more young families began to live apart from their parents. Most will nevertheless keep the contact between their nuclear unit and extended family – a group of all other relatives in addition to parents and children, most notably aunts, uncles, cousins, gran dparents, in-laws etc.Depending on the form of legal relationship between the people of the opposite or same sex living together, a couple can be classified as a cohabitating family. In this family, partners are not bound to each other by any form of legal contract. This form has proliferated of late as people have begun to see marriage bonds as less and less compulsory. Gay or lesbian families are couples including individuals of the same sex that live together, sometimes also with children. In most cases, such families will be based on the sexual intercourse and emotional commitment.Another family form on the rise today is the adoptive family in which a couple will adopt one or more children, sometimes in addition to the children they already have. Adoptions can also be biracial and international, meaning that kids are from a different race and country than their adoptive parents (Walsh, p. 17).The abundance of various family types testifies to the important role of the family in the life of people. Today’s reality has seen increasing acceptance of diverse family forms. These forms have come to replace the traditional nuclear family structure with different patterns.2. .The traditional American family in the past decades has undergone profound transformation. Due to the rising divorce rates, more and more children will live in single-family households as well as those where parents will re-marry. Blended families where children of both remarried parents live together are also becoming more common. The proliferation of new family types replacing the traditional nuclear family requires of family members more aptitude for adjustment.At present, America has the highest divorce rate on the globe. This change has translated into rise of single-family households that in 1990 â€Å"accounted for 23 percent of all Caucasian families, 33 percent of all Hispanic families, and 61 percent of all African American families† (Faruque 1999). Single-parent house holds headed by working mothers are still more likely to have incomes below poverty level than two-parent households; this additional factor pushes more women toward remarriage.On average, an American child will spend five years in a single-parent household. The divorce of biological parents is often followed by the re-marriage of one or both parents, which leads to an increase in step-parenting. As of 1999, â€Å"slightly over 40 percent of all current marriages in the United States [were] 2nd and 3rd marriages† (Faruque 1999). Quite often, remarriage will result in the formation of the blended family involving not only the two spouses, but also their children and perhaps aging relatives to care for.Partners how have formed such a family will often find themselves stressed to cope with the increased burden and have less time to devote to their children. As a result, remarried and blended families have many things to cope with that are not a problem to traditional families: t he need to find contact with children of the new spouse, need to blend children in if there are children in custody on both sides, coping with new relatives and so on.Remarriage will often result in households where children live with their mother and her new husband, although father-stepmother arrangements are also possible. Stepfamily Association estimates that about 30% of American children live in stepfamilies (Rainbows). According to data from the US Census Bureau, â€Å"20% of the children in two-parent households living with one natural parent and one step parent† (Rainbows). Another statistical fact is that â€Å"slightly more than 40% of all current marriages are second or third marriages† (Rainbows).Step-parenting is a challenge to many who find the child an additional complication to an otherwise happy new relationship. For children, living in a new household with a step parent may also be problematic because they are â€Å"trapped by their feelings of love and identification with the absent biological parent and the growing attachment to the stepparent† (Faruque 1999).All these data demonstrate that divorce and remarriage are a powerful trend in the development of the American family, and quite soon the traditional family with two parents and their biological children may recede into the past or remain a minority. Today’s parenting is associated with many complex issues such as handling children who demonstrate an adverse reaction to the new parent or stepsiblings. On the other hand, the changing family patterns increasingly cause emotional disturbance among children that are likely to experience emotional, learning or other behavioural problems because of divorce and/or remarriage in their families. The changing family situation requires a greater variety of skills on the part of parents and children in order to cope with shifts and new family structures less painfully. BibliographyFaruque, Cathleen Jo. The Changing Of America's Families. 26 May 2006 ;http://www.selfhelpmagazine.com/articles/parenting/families.html;.Flora, Jeanne, and Chris Segrin. Family Communication. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2005.Rainbows. A Generation at Risk. 26 May 2006Walsh, Froma. Normal Family Processes: Growing Diversity and Complexity. New York: Guilford Press, 2003.

Ielts Practice Essay

You should spend only 40 minutes on this task. Write at least 250 words. In many parts of the world there is continuous coverage of sport on television. Some people believe this discourages the young from taking part in any sport themselves. Discuss this view and give your own opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Recently, a greater attention has been paid to sports programs on television. Some people state that watching TV to gain interests in sports is important for the young. However, there are some opponents who disagree with the above perspective. As such, there is a growing controversy whether young people should deal with this issue. In these following paragraphs, the arguments surrounding the issue of sports programs on TV will be carefully examined. The first point to consider is the fact that many youngsters can know about interesting sports by watching TV. There are many types of sports programs, where both children and adults learn numerous things from the top athletes’ performance. In addition, it is a great opportunity to listen to interviews after their performance. Some children may be inspired to be like their sports icons and consequently, try the sport themselves. Moreover, young people easily watch sports on TV anytime during their free time. In Japan, many daily news programs include sports. Hence, most of the young watch sports with the news. Even though, some young children do not have interests in current social news, they are able to see the lineup of all of the contents and will see news topics. On the other hand, there is no doubt that some young people spend too much time watching sports on television. Young children usually cannot manage their time well. What is more, nowadays many young people rather want to stay at home than go out as compared to in the past. Various kinds of sports programs on TV may discourage youngsters from going outside and playing sports themselves. In the final analysis, there are pros and cons for watching sports on television, however, that allows us to feel the fun in sports and gain knowledge about them easily. I firmly believe that sports contents on TV have an excellent power for the young.

E Commerce and Business Start Up

E commerce and Business Start up Throughout the evaluation process of a potential new idea and in the development of new marketing strategy E-Commerce needs to be continually assessed. E-Commerce offers the entrepreneur the opportunity to be very creative and innovative; its importance is indicated in the continually increasing amount of both business to business and business to costumer e-commerce sales. It increase on the annual basis, according to com Score Networks, total Internet business reached to $214. 4 billion in 2008, an increase of 7% in internet business as compared to 2007. The $214. Billion was composed of $130. 1 billion Non travel spending and 84. 3 billion Dollars travel spending. Video games, consoles and accessories together was the fastest growing categories constituted of 29%, sport and fitness items 29%, event tickets, 13%, consumer electronics 9%, apparel and accessories 4% and travel spending increase by 7% as compared to 2007 over 2008. Factors that facilita ted the growth of e-commerce are wide spread use of PC’s, the adoption of intranet in companies, the acceptance of internet as the business communications platform and faster and more secure systems.Numerous benefits such as Access to broader customer base, lower info dissemination cost which expand the volume of E commerce. Using E-commerce Creatively: E-commerce is mostly use by most corporations to increase their marketing and sale channels. The internet is especially for small and medium size companies as it enables them to minimize the marketing costs while reaching broader markets. An entrepreneur starting an E commerce venture needs to address the same strategic and tactical questions as any other entrepreneur, but some new specific issues are faced because introduction of new technology used in E-commerce.An entrepreneur should decide whether should do in house or out sourcing for an inter business. In case of in house operations there are computer servers; hardware, software as well as support services are included. And in case of outsourcing entrepreneur can hire web developers to design the company’s web pages and upload them on the internet through ISP. In this case the entrepreneur main task is to regularly update the information on the web pages; another option is that to purchase the software from the local market. The correct decision b/w in-house or outsourcing depends on the size of the business.The 2 major components of internet business are Front end or Back end operations. Front end operations are the websites functions, search options, secure payments, shopping cart. The biggest mistake usually make by the companies is that they believe that the attractive website secure their business, which leads them to underestimating the back end operations. The integration of back end and front end operations represents the greatest challenge for doing internet business and at the same time provides an opportunity for developing a sust ained competitive advantage.Websites: Entrepreneurial firms mostly use websites, about 90% of small businesses today have operating websites, but majority of them are not capable of operating new websites. A good website should be easy to use. In developing a website one should keep in mind that; who is the audience? What are the objectives of the site? What do you want to costumers when they visit the site? In addressing these questions one should effectively organize the website. This requires that the material should be fresh and updated on regular basis.Another most important feature of the website is the search capability; it should be easy to find information about the products and services, which can be accomplished by advance search tools and subject browsing. Other functions that should be available are shopping cart, secure server connection, credit card payments and customer feedback. Speed is the characteristic of a successful website. Tracking costumer information: The motivation for tracking costumer information is to capture costumer attention; care must be taken in doing so to follow the laws protecting the privacy of individuals.Doing E-commerce as an Entrepreneurial Company: For online business one should take care of several factors; first the product should be delivered economically and conveniently. Fresh fruits and vegetables for individual consumers are not appropriate for long distance deliveries and online sales. Second the product should be interesting for larger no of people. Thirdly online operations should reduce the cost. And the 4th one that company can easily draw costumer to its website.

Nature of globalization Essay

Globalization is a term used to explain the new era just like we learn about different periods such as stone age. It entails that people around the world are more connected to one another than ever before in terms of †¢ Information flow through sophisticated means unlike in early ages where messengers and drum beating was used for communication. †¢ Money transfers and goods transportation is quicker and efficient all over the world. Goods and services produced in one part of the world are necessarily available in all parts of the world. †¢ International travel is more convenient and faster than ever. (Martin, 2004) All this changes have been as a result of advance in technology, basically the computer. This is what has enabled globalization. Globalization can be found in five different areas; economic, cultural, political, religious and social systems. Globalization therefore, can be understood as the tendency or the process of businesses, technologies or philosophies to spread throughout the world. Nature of globalization Globalization is something that is very new in the world. For the last 30 years, there was no much discoveries in computer technology although there were computers and they were only used in the developed countries. This is why we cannot say there was globalization since globalization simply means making the world a â€Å"global village† in that every information and services are available and accessible to all the people around the globe just as it is in a small village. The idea of globalization has made it possible to harmonize the cultures of people all over the world. That is because people are able to carry out businesses across boundaries without traveling, using different currencies, making instant payment and in developed countries they use a common currency for example the Euro that is used all over Europe and the US dollar that is used by many countries. It is possible therefore, that the whole world will in future be using one common currency. This is what is referred to as economic globalization. According to Sachs (2005) technology in information has made transfer of information and especially educational information to be available across the globe. This is what has brought the idea of e-learning through the Internet. The changes in culture of the people is being felt especially in the African societies which had very stronghold in their traditions but today this has little or no influence on peoples ways of life especially in the young generation, for example changes in sexual inequality. This is as a result of globalization, people copy the lifestyles or cultures of others from the developed countries due to interaction, travels and high speed information transfer. For this same reason people are able to change their religious believes because the gospel has taken a new line, i. e. it is global reaching every corner of the globe. Conclusion When we talk of globalization we definitely have to think about the major participants in this idea. The United States dominates in this global traffic in information and ideas. (www. globalpolicy. org) The American music, movies, television and software’s are so dominant , so sought after by everybody and so visible that they are now available in every corner of the earth, including the developing countries in sub-Sahara Africa. References Raskin. P. T(2002), The Great Transition Boston Tellus Institute p31-42. Alex MacGillirray (2006) A Brief History of Globalization. New York. p122-127. Sachs,T. (2005), The end Poverty New York p 13-23 Martin, W. (2004), why globalization works, New York: Yale University Press, pg 210-235 Global policies, Available from, www. globalpolicy. org (Retrieved December 14, 2007) What is globalization, Available from, www. globalisation101. org (Retrieved December 14, 2007)

Capitalism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Capitalism - Assignment Example Various companies reduced their labour force while others fully shut down leading to massive loss of employment. The economic depression led to loss of business and closing down of many businesses, which led to decline in tax revenues. Many organizations and individuals were also unable to pay their taxes, which made things worse. Prices of goods and services also declined, and profits not witnessed. Crop production fell with most farms affected by drought, which saw the fall in crop prices. The hardships witnessed and non-remittance of taxes forced people out of their homes creating a situation of homelessness. Situation of unemployment and homelessness seriously affected the poor in the society. The economic activities in many countries were markedly affected with many sectors facing problems. Construction industry in many countries slowed and even stopped owing to materials and labor force needed. Farming in a rural setting was also affected by drought and financial inability. Farmers were not able to pay off debt accrued from production expenses due to poor production and fall in crop prices. Among the sectors affected is the mining and logging sectors, which faced drastic, negative effects due to decline in demand for its products, most were forced to cut down on their activities with others closing up, which further affected unemployment. The ending of the great depression was witnessed by different countries at different times, but it was with the advent of WWII. There is believe that government spending in the war stimulated the economies of various nations. The war required production of various products to be used in the war and agricultural goods to be consumed. The sourcing of labor to participate in the war aided in solving the unemployment problem. Women and men who did not participate in the war also got the opportunity to work in the local industries (Maddison, 2007).

How global warming is causing the spread of disease Essay

How global warming is causing the spread of disease - Essay Example Only very wealthy people could actually own and operate cars. However today almost everyone owns a car. This is because machines produce other machines and thus reduce the costing of building. Thus it can be said that humans live in a much mechanized world today. The machines however need energy to operate. The biggest source of energy for these machines comes from fossil fuels. This is because humans have still not invented a widely usable perfect substitute for non-renewable energy. The energy used has a very bad impact on the environment. The carbon is residue of most combustion process. This is because humans have still not formed a combustion system which could burn with 100 % efficiency. This level of efficiency means that all the fuel I converted to energy. However the current combustion systems give shockingly less amount of efficiency even lower than 50% in many cases. The carbon fuel that does not converted into energy because of this low efficiency level is emitted into th e atmosphere. Combined with other harmful products it becomes major contributor to ozone depletion and global warming. Thus not only is it hazardous to health is inhaled in large quantities but it almost causes irreparable damage to our environment. In definition global warming refers to the increase temperature near the Earth’s surface. According to scientists this process started in the mid-twentieth century and is still going on. The reports recently released by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Control), in the last few years global temperatures have shown an increase of 0.74  Ã‚ ±Ã‚  0.18  Ã‚ °C (1.33  Ã‚ ±Ã‚  0.32  Ã‚ °F). Along with burning of fossil fuels as explained above, the deforestation of rain forests is also a major cause of this increase. According to some shocking reports released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Control the temperatures are expected to rise another 1.1 to 6.4  Ã‚ °C (2.0 to 11.5  Ã‚ °F), in the next few decades.

The importance of multicultural managemnt in hotel industry in sudan Essay - 2

The importance of multicultural managemnt in hotel industry in sudan to sustain a competitive advantage - Essay Example The study scrutinizes Staff' Perceptions of Hotel industry of Sudan. Consequences of dynamic analysis specify that hotel organization profession organization can be established by four proportions: fair encouragement, paying concentration to train, profession self-cognitive and information simplicity. Normally in words, the foreign-owned hotel has a benefit above the other types of hotels in the four dimensions. The organization profession management has extra constructive control on Staff behavior.The manager’s questionnaire gives much insight into the various managerial experiences, multicultural analysis, various attitudes and the diversification at the workplace. In the cafà © industry, as privileged, the managers are supposed to trigger the individual relational and combined uniqueness of the supporters to explicate the fundamentalInfluence process based on the change. It is frequently implicit that the effectiveness in the hotel industry is reliant principally on the em ployees. As the questionnaire is measured, Open-ended questions are cautiously worded to be as impartial as probable without generating uncomfortable circumstances or aberrant interviewees. Interview questionnaires for managers were pilot tested for checking for any vagueness or perplexity of questions.The research findings point out that in order to create multicultural change flourishing in the hotel industry, the managers were supposed to be attentive at all times to employee’s response to change.

Anthropological Perspective on Education Reform in Chicago Research Paper

Anthropological Perspective on Education Reform in Chicago - Research Paper Example The Chicago School Reform Act of 1988 has been a clear example of the efforts of legislators in USA to identify educational systems that can be feasible, in terms of the resources available, and that ensure equality and quality in education. The above Reform Act has introduced a unique scheme, the Local School Councils (LSCs). This scheme aimed to ensure that student learning is kept at high levels in all public schools in Chicago. In practice, it has been proved that the achievement of the above target is related to many challenges. One of the key weaknesses of LSCs has been its failure to secure the participation of parents in critical educational decisions. Of course, it has been proved that not all parents are ready or willingness to support such initiatives. Still, it seems that the high majority of parents would be ready to participate in innovative schemes, such as the parental networks, for improving their cooperation with their children in regard to the learning process. The review of the literature published in this field has proved that the involvement of parents in parental networks would highly improve the performance of LSCs. At the same time, parental networks would help parents to participate more actively in the learning process, a fact that would make this process more attractive to children. As a result, the parental networks could support the increase of responsiveness of children to learning, either in the short or the long term. 1. Introduction Education in Chicago is provided under the control of the Chicago Board of Education (CBE). The above organization, which was first established in 1840 (CBE 2012), has ‘the responsibility for the governance, organizational and financial oversight of public education in Chicago’ (CBE 2012). Education in Chicago has passed a strong crisis. In 1987, the region’s public schools were considered ‘as the worst across the nation’ (CBE 2012). Today, the public schools of Chic ago are considered as a model of innovation, a fact related to the Chicago School Reform Act of 1988/89 (CBE 2012). For many years, education in Chicago public schools had been problematic. The Chicago School Reform Act of 1988 has introduced in order to help towards the decentralization of Chicago’s school, a strategy that was expected to support the improvement of Chicago’s educational system (Soltero 2009, p.58). The increase of participation of parents in the local educational system and the enhancement of the power of the major to participate in the decisions related to Chicago’s public schools were two important features of the Reform Act (Soltero 2009, p.58). The provision of equal rights to children of different racial and economic background has been one of the priorities of the Chicago School Reform. The Reform has been based on the rules of ‘1988 Chicago School Reform Act’ (Koval et al. 2006, p.249). The Reform has been initiated so that two key issues are addressed: a) ‘equality and quality in education are secured’ (Koval et al. 2006, p.249), b) the current market needs for appropriately educated professionals are fully covered (Koval et al. 2006, p.249). The establishment of the Local School Councils (LSCs) was considered as a strategy that could educators to achieve the above goals. Through these Councils ‘

Security versus privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Security versus privacy - Essay Example High security standards mean detailed checkup of individuals and hence a privacy concern. We needed to change our policies to cater for the changing threat scenarios. These came with an unavoidable trade-offs to be made between security and privacy, therefore, leaving room for supporters of each value to debate policies and applications. Security, however, should be preferred over privacy, as it ensures smooth functioning of our national system and guards our economic investments. It ultimately provides us with a threat minimized environment to practice our civil rights. Being the major entry or exit points, airports need a filtration system to ensure our own protection. Security should, therefore, be preferred over privacy concerns while checking passengers. However, since the two values are interlinked, a balance must be made to address concerns of privacy while maintaining desired level of security. This balancing must not overrule security requirements, but find ways within proce dures to settle privacy concerns as much as possible. The paper will look into the issue by incorporating sources from the web, reports and personal experiences and takes into account, concerns by advocates of privacy. Security is considered as the most overpowering aspects to any value, such as privacy. Survival is our most quantified preference and we need survival to enjoy any other aspect of our lives. Security measures have far reaching physical and psychological aspects than visible to our naked eye. These measures reduce terror threats and provide us with psychological security to give us the freedom to enjoy our lives. It may be argued that this security comes at a cost of our privacy, but in fact it provides us with psychological freedom to practice our civil rights and freedom privately, at a fraction of inconvenience. Airport security systems are the best examples to evaluate the

Housing Sector in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Housing Sector in UK - Essay Example The housing location being discussed in this paper is located at Grovewood Hill along the Burnbrae Drive at Edinburgh. The view of the typical houses being discussed here is shown in the figure 1. Theses houses are mostly constructed of burned clay bricks, cement and mortar. This practice of housing was found to exist from atleast 100 years in this region and the sector also boasts of providing huge labour employment in the country. This is a scenario of affluent people who could afford independent dwelling units in the places or locations of their choice. But the huge number of migrant labours and working class who makes their living by working in the city find their shelter along the slums that have come up in the city outskirts. This volume of occupants tends to increase at an astonishing rate as the more of the "development" takes place. The housing sector too shows a skewed growth in the urban centres with the slum dwellers increasing in the city suburbs and the planned housing developments moving to the outskirts. ... The location of the study at Groovewood Hill was chosen based on the easy access and also being the location well known to the student. The primary data collection was based on the interview technique with the help of a prepared questionnaire. Also, the information already available with the student researcher have also been used in the interpretation of the data. Also, the discussions with the housing association members and the estate manager was carried out to explore the various operation constrains and main characteristics of the housing locality. The secondary information was collected from already published materials and other reports. Based of the data collected the analysis is carried out and required information is presented in the subsequent sections. 4. Findings and Discussion 4.1 Nature and type of construction Figure 2 : Perspective of the house The sample house chosen from the locality was constructed with strong reliance on the architectural masonry almost 5 years back. It was the time when sudden development initiatives have begun and the building industry was experiencing boom. This was also the time when new methods and materials were also tried. But the labour force as well as contractors were less reluctant to change and hence the advantage it promised in the initial stages was not attained. The construction process progressed more based on the skill set of the masons rather than the advances proposed by the technocrats .Most of the houses being discussed here are two storied residential unit built in country burned bricks, cement and concrete. The roof is made in reinforced cement concrete. The interiors have been designed incorporating the techniques of passive heating /cooling technologies. Thus optimizing

The Persuasive Message Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Persuasive Message - Assignment Example During the Reclassification Program, six extra workers were transferred to my department from Public Relations department (two employees) and from Financial Monitoring department (four employees), and made work under six experienced workers. However, extra workplaces for employees on reclassification have never been specifically prepared and equipped due to their new positions. New workers of External Relations department have stayed on their previous workplaces in Public Relations department and Financial Monitoring department on a fourth floor, room 403 and 404 correspondently. Due to the nature of reclassification process, extra workers tend to experience problems and seek the advice of experienced personnel who they were made to work upon, and experienced workers often have to leave their workplaces and go on a fourth floor to consult new workers. Conversely, new workers have to go on a second floor to receive the qualified advice. Therefore, despite the encouraging first statist ical results of the Reclassification Program, I’m forced to ask you to reconsider working conditions of External Relations department and consolidate both its qualified and new workers within a single floor and a single

Women in Politics Essay Example for Free

Women in Politics Essay It has been proven over and over many times that women have the abilities to do the same jobs as men, but as a society we tend to discourage women when they are trying to get in the fields of politics and government. No longer is the excuse that family is what is pulling women back when it comes to job opportunities, it is what society has chosen as what roles women should and shouldn’t take part in. The more we encourage women in running for offices, the more there will be women in office, and therefore we would have a broader view of issues that need to be solved. If the United States marches proudly on how its state’s people are equal and the government diversified why is that women only hold less than 20% of congressional seats, when the women population is approximately 161 million while the male population is 156.1 million? Surprisingly enough, the percentage of voters that were women in the U.S was 63.7% comparing that to men, which were 59.7%. Why are not more women being supportive of their fellow women? The benefits of having more women in office not only show how far we have come as a country but it has been proven that women who run for office have more bills passed that deal with issues like the environment, families, civil rights, and violence prevention. â€Å"Other studies have found that women legislators—both Republican and  Democrat—introduce a lot more bills than men in the areas of civil rights and liberties, education, health, labor and more.  Globally, research has shown that ethnically diverse and divided nations that elect women rather than men to key national leadership offices end up with better economic performance† (Hill). Women can bring issues of importance that men feel are not as important. This does not mean that men are inferior or ignorant of the issues; it is just the matter of different  perspectives. With more women in office, more issues can be brought to light. This introduces the people with more options to vote for and bills to pass that will help families and the economy. If all the science calculates the benefits of women in government, the only thing that hasn’t been put into consideration is society’s view on a women role. Since the dawn of ages, we have lived in a patriarchal family where men are in charge of the business and bringing food to the table, while women care and nurture for the children and her husband. â€Å"In patriarchally organized societies, masculine values become the ideological structure of the society as a whole. Masculinity thus becomes â€Å"innately† valuable and femininity serves a contrapuntal function to delineate and magnify the hierarchical dominance of masculinity† (Devor 393). When the people see a man and women running for the same position, they look to the man as having more â€Å"power† and â€Å"authority† which can then lead them to believe they can handle and control situations better. As a society we believe that the women should be submissive, and men to be dominate. When women in the workplace are more demanding they are perceived as â€Å"bossy† and having a rude manner, but when men act the same way, we let them be because we are so used to the idea of them being more assertive. These are the biases and stereotypes we as a society need to change in order to see that anyone can do the same job. A politicians gender shouldn’t effect their work habits. In media women are perceived as â€Å"emotional† and that their intentions are only focused in family issues, when in reality that is not the case. In order for society to give women opportunities in our government, we the people need to reevaluate our own thinking and perceptions. We as a society need to encourage our women to run for offices in government. According to the WCF foundation, number one reason why there are so few women in power is because on average women candidates tend to raise less money for fundraising comparing to their male counterparts. Also, on the off-chance that media isn’t reporting about the private life of a women running in office, women tend to get less media coverage, especially on the issues they are concerned with. â€Å"†¦media reports on womens issues—like abortion and birth control—men are quoted some five  times more than women are. And that affects the coverage of women in politics† (Dawn). If we can just get more media coverage on how women can contribute to politics on issues not just family issues, we can illuminate a way for people to see broader issues that need to be tended. In order for our country and people to work together we must take inconsideration of diversity in the government. The way we think and our patriarchal system needs to be reformed. As Jennifer Lawless said, â€Å"Its important that we separate out political conditions from the sex of the candidate because otherwise were just perpetuating this myth that women cant get elected. If we are continuously focusing on gender and the person who is in charge and not their ideals or what issues they are trying to combat, then we lose focus of a ‘government’. Strong- female politicians can also set an example to younger generations in the future, and create a more efficient government. Works Cited Dawn, Aurora. Percentage of Women in Government Worldwide. The Gender Gap. Daily Kos, 27 Sept. 2012. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. Devor, Aaron H. â€Å"Becoming Members of Society: Learning the Social Meanings of Gender.† Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Ninth ed. Boston: Bedford/St.Martins, 1992. 387-396. Print. Giang, Vivian. What Men And Women Really Think About Gender Equality In The Workplace. Business Insider. Business Insider, Inc, 21 Aug. 2013. Web. 16 Nov. 2014. Hill, Steven. Why Does the US Still Have So Few Women in Office? Why Does the US Still Have So Few Women in Office? The Nation, 7 Mar. 2014. Web. 11 Feb. 2015. Kimmel, Michael. â€Å"Bros before Hos: The Guy Code.† Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Ninth ed. Boston: Bedford/St.Martins, 1992. 461-470. Print. Waber, Ben. What Data Analytics Says About Gender Inequality in the Workplace. Bloomberg Business Week. Bloomberg, 30 Jan. 2014. Web. 16 Nov. 2014. Women by the Numbers. Infoplease. Infoplease, n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2015.